Explore Ancient Anatolia

Horse chariot and Phrygian warrior on a Phrygian tile from palace of Midas at Gordium Museum, Ankara. The chariot is the earliest and simplest type of horse carriage, used in both peace and war as the chief vehicle of many ancient peoples. Ox carts, proto-chariots, were built in Mesopotamia as early as 3000 BC. The original horse chariot was a fast, light, open, two- or four-wheeled conveyance drawn by two or more horses hitched side by side. The car was little else than a floor with a waist-high semicircular guard in front. The chariot, driven by a charioteer, was used for ancient warfare during the Bronze and Iron Ages, armor being provided by shields. The vehicle continued to be used for travel, processions and in games and races after it had been superseded for military purposes. Militarily, the chariot became obsolete as horse breeding efforts produced an animal that was large enough to ride into battle, or, for that matter, to mount a soldier with heavy weapons and armor.

Book review: 1907. Ramsay, the first Professor of Classical Archaeology at Oxford University, pioneered the study of antiquity in what is today known as western Turkey. He went on to devote the latter part of his life to applying what he had learned to the study of the New Testament. He is also acknowledged as the outstanding authority on the life of Paul. This volume is divided into the following parts Paulinism in the Greco-Roman World; Tarsus; Antioch; Iconium; Derbe; Lystra; and St. Paul in the Roman World. See other titles by this author available from Kessinger Publishing.